INTRODUCTION:

School is defined as an educational institution where groups of pupils pursue defined studies at defined levels, receive instructions from one or more teachers, frequently interact with other officers and employees such as Principal, various supervisors / instructors, maintenance staff etc. usually housed in a single building.¹

School is a temple of learning. It is a place where the child is exposed to stress, strain and hazards of group life because different children come from different socio-economic and cultural background with different immunity status.² A healthy school environment can be created if there is: regular supply of safe water, proper means of collection, removal and disposal of waste matter, regular cleanliness and sanitary conditions, adequate ventilation and good lighting etc.³

In spite of recommendation by Ministry of Health and Education, very few school authorities make a willful effort to comply with the set standards of providing healthy school environment even if financial restraints are not a major problem.⁴

Health education in schools should ensure that the student during his years of school attendance will acquire knowledge of scientific health facts, develop positive attitude towards health, strengthen good health habits he has learned at home and practise new health behaviour to maintain and improve his own and his community’s health.⁵

Provision should be made for teacher training in the field of health with particular stress on how to teach sanitation, nutrition and personal hygiene to children as a part of the regular curriculum.⁶

Children take back to their parents the health instructions they receive in schools, and even more important, when they become adults, they apply this knowledge to their own families. In developing countries where ill- health is a major problem, “every school child is a health worker”⁷ There must be one urinal for every 50 students and one latrine for every 100 students separately for boys and girls. One drinking fountain for every 100 students.⁸

Cleanliness is next to Godliness, and where there is God, there is Victory, Growth, Peace and development. The word Hygiene has evolved from the Greek term “Hygeia” which means Goddess of Health.⁹

The burden of communicable diseases has been increased because of poor personal hygiene.¹⁰

BACKGROUND:

World health organization report says that 1.7 million deaths occur every year across the world due to lack of personal hygiene.¹⁰ Disease spreads quickly in cramped spaces with limited ventilation, where hand-washing facilities or soap are not available, and where toilets are in despair (UNICEF).¹¹

Research shows that the presence of water, sanitation and hygiene in schools results in a number of benefits for children, especially girls and also their teachers.

An overall increase in enrolment by 12 per cent in primary schools (Grades 1-5) and 8 per cent in upper-primary schools (Grades 6-8), leading to lower dropout rates. Increased female enrolment with younger girls and boys experiencing larger benefits than older children. Increased retention of female teachers; and More students presenting for exams with higher pass rates. In Alwar District, India, school sanitation increased girl’s enrolment by one‐third, and improved academic performance for boys and girls by 25 per cent (UN‐Water 2008).¹²

Keeping this view, in 2014, Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched the Swachh Bharat (Clean India) campaign a largest cleanliness drive in the history of India, with one of its key initiatives as Swachh Bharat: Swachh Vidyalaya (Clean India: Clean Schools)

During June 2016 Swachh Vidyalaya Puraskar was instituted by the govt to recognize, inspite and celebrate excellence in sanitation & hygiene practice in Government Schools.

Hand washing can reduce diarrhoea by more than 30% and respiratory infections by 16% (clean India clean school a handbook).¹²

OBJECTIVES:

1. To assess awareness regarding Swachh Bharat Swachh Vidyalaya mission.

2. To determine the association between level of knowledge scores of students with their selected demographic variables.

3. To provide the students with an information booklet regarding Swachh Bharat Swachh Vidyalaya mission

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Research approach:

Quantitative research approach

Research Design:

Exploratory Descriptive Research Design.

Research Setting:

Govt. Schools

Sampling Technique:

Convenient Sampling

Sample:

200 junior high school children.

Research Hypothesis:

The study aim is to test the following hypothesis. The hypothesis will be tested at p<0.05 level of significance.

H₁- There will be a significant association between knowledge scores of students with their selected demographic variables.

Section A: Socio-demographic variables

Section B: Structured Knowledge Questionnaire validated and reliability was checked and it was found to be r =0.07 which was considered reliable

Inclusion Criteria: Students who are willing to participate in the study.

Exclusion criteria: Students who are not present at the time of data collection

Data analysis: Analysis was done by using descriptive and inferential statistics.

RESULTS:

Table no 1: Showing Criteria for arbitrary grading of the knowledge

	Marks
Good	4-12
Very Good	13-21
Excellent	22-30

Table no. 2 Showing frequency and percentage distribution of the students according to demographic data N=200

S. No.

Demographic variables

Age (Yrs)

10-14

15-18

154

77%

23%

Gender

Male

Female

108

46%

54%

Class

VI- VII

VIII-IX

110

45%

55%

Mother Education

Illiterates

Literates

126

37%

63%

Father Education

Illiterates

Literates

158

21%

79%

Religion

Hindu

Others

106

53%

47%

Family Type

Nuclear

Joint

118

59%

41%

Residential Area

Urban

Rural

111

44.5%

55.5%

Source of Information

Teachers

Parents

Health-Professional

Mass-media

135

67.5%

13.5%

2.0%

17.0%

Family Income

5000- 11000

12000-20000

162

81%

19%

Majority of the samples 154 (77%) were in the age group of 10-14 yrs.

More than half 108 (54%) of the samples were females.

More than half 110 (55%) of the samples belonged to class VIII and IX

126 (63%) of the mothers were Literate.

Majority 158(79%) of the fathers were Literate.

More than half of samples 106(53%) of the samples were Hindus.

More than half of samples 118(59.0%) of the samples had nuclear families.

More than half of the samples 111(55.5%) lived in Rural areas.

More than half 135(67.5%) of the samples got information of SBSV from their school teachers.

Majority of the samples 162(81%) had their family Income between 5000-11000

Table no. 3: Frequency and percentage distribution of knowledge score

Knowledge grading	Frequency	Percentage %
Good (4-12)	8	(4%)
Very Good (13-21)	112	(56%)
Excellent (22-30)	80	(40%)
Total	200	100%

Fig -1 Represents the Knowedge Score of Students

More than Half (56%) of the students score very good(13-21) out of total score 30.

Table shows that the mean value of 200 subjects were20.44 with standard deviation of 2.47 and mean percentage 68.13

Table no. 4: Mean value standard deviation and mean percentage of knowledge score

Knowledge score	Mean	Std deviation	Mean percentage
Total Score	20.44	2.47	68.13

Fig. 2: Shows the mean, Std. Deviation and mean percentage of the knowledge score of students.

Table no. 5: Overview of association between knowledge level scores with selected socio demographic variables N=200

Demographic variables	Category	F	Knowledge Level			Yates p value	df	Chi square with Yates	Fisher exact value
Demographic variables	Category	F	Good	Very Good	excellent
1. Age (Yrs)	10-14 15-18	154 46	6 0	80 14	68 32	-	2	-	0.0081
2. Gender	Male Female	92 108	2 4	37 57	53 47	0.206	2	3.15	-
3. Class	VI –VII VIII -IX	90 110	3 3	58 36	29 71	0.000053	2	19.66	-
1. Mother Education	Illiterates Literates	74 126	5 1	52 42	57 43	0.652	2	0.854	-
2. Father Education	Illiterates Literates	42 158	3 3	59 35	71 29	0.514	2	1.33	-
3. Religion	Hindu Others	106 80	5 1	88 5	93 7	0.294	2	2.44	-
4. Family Type	Nuclear Joint	118 82	4 2	52 42	62 38	0.724	2	0.64	-
5. Residential Area	Urban Rural	89 111	5 1	83 11	96 4	0.228	2	2.94	-
6. Source of Information	Teachers Parents Health-Prof Mass-media	135 27 4 34	1 3 0 2	64 17 1 12	70 7 3 20	-	3	-	0.006
7. Family Income	5000-11000 12000-20000	162 38	4 2	79 15	79 21	0.714	2	0.672	-

The tabulated value of chi square is 5.991 with df 2 Chi square test with Yates correction formula and fisher exact test is used to assess the association among variables.

Table depicts that there was a significant association of knowledge score with class of students at p- value <0.05.

Moreover, there was no significant association of knowledge scores with age, gender, religion, family income, source of information and parental education.

LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY WERE:

· The study was conducted with small number of samples due to shortage of time for data collection and hence generalization of the findings was limited.

RECOMMENDATION

· A similar study on a large scale and wider sample, for long period of time would be more pertinent in making broad generalizations.

· A similar study can be undertaken in different setting.

· A comparative study could be carried out on awareness of SBSV Mission between govt., pvt., convent and other schools.

· A explorative study can be conducted to assess the knowledge of Teachers, Parents and health workers in the community setting on Swachh Bharat Swachh Vidyalaya Mission.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the participants of study who had spent their valuable time for giving the information. Grateful acknowledgement is extended to Dr. Renu Sharma my Guide for the valuable help she provided throughout my study.

ETHICAL CLEARANCE:

· Permission for research study was taken from Principals of Govt Schools of Diowala Dehradun.

· Researcher explained the purpose of the study to the concerned authorities and school children and had taken written informed consent for their participation in the study.

· Confidentiality of information of all respondents was maintained

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Received on 24.08.2021 Modified on 23.09.2021

Int. J. of Advances in Nur. Management. 2022; 10(1):79-83.

DOI: 10.52711/2454-2652.2022.00020

Knowledge grading

Frequency

Std deviation

excellent